Fig. 5

PAC improved perfusion of ischemic limbs and enhanced local angiogenesis. A Representative images of laser Doppler perfusion analysis. B We calculated the ratio of the ischemic side to the non-ischemic side as the average hindlimb blood flow recovery. PAC significantly improved perfusion recovery on day 13 after HLI surgery. DHI or simvastatin significantly improved perfusion recovery on day 16 after HLI surgery. ^**P < 0.01 vs. control group. C Representative bioluminescent images (left panels) and quantitation (right panels) of VEGFR-2-Luc mice after HLI were obtained at 1, 7, 11, and 18 days in control, simvastatin, DHI, PAC, or AAC-treated groups. Regions of interest (ROI) from displayed images were identified on the HLI sites and quantified as photons per second (p/s). In the hind limb ischemia model, the simvastatin group consist of three mice, and the remaining groups consisted of five mice. D Quantitative PCR showed that only PAC increased the expression of FGF-2, CXCR4, and PECAM in ischemic gastrocnemius muscle. ^*P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group. Data are mean ± SEM. We performed the experiments in two copies and repeated them at least three times to ensure reproducibility