Fig. 4

D. superbus recorded in Ben Cao Pin Hui Jing Yao (A): “Qumai,” also known as “Jujumai”,“Daju” and “Yuemai.” In ancient times, it was mainly distributed in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, and Huaihe River Basins, with Xinjiang County and its surrounding areas in Shanxi Province as its authentic production areas; D. chinensis depicted in Zhi Wen Ben Cao (B): It was called “Shiyangjin” in ancient times, and was born in the wilderness. It sprouts in spring and blossoms in summer. The bud is very small and has slender flowers; The plant of D. superbus (C), and the plant of D. chinensis (D)