Table 1 The detailed traditional uses of Dianthus superbus L. as medicine

Dianthus superbus L

Hemorrhoid and fistula

Nepeta cataria L.; Lonicerae Japonicae Flos; Sophorae Flos; Gentiana macrophylla Pall.; Sophorae Fructus; Coptidis Rhizoma; Rehmanniae Radix; Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma; Astragalus mongholicus Bunge; Codonopsis Radix; Mume Fructus

Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao, 1578 C.E. [107]

Cysts

Astragalus mongholicus Bunge; Codonopsis Radix; Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma; Atractylodis Macrocephalae

Rhizoma; Sparganii Rhizoma; Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton; Sophorae Flavescentis Radix

[88, 108,109,110]

Anti-early pregnancy

Pinelliae Rhizoma; Carthami Flos; Arnebiae Radix

[38, 111,112,113]

Diabetic nephropathy

Dioscoreae Rhizoma; Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.; Alismatis Rhizoma; Persicae Semen

[89, 114]

Chronic prostatitis

Angelicae Sinensis Radix; Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma; Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.; Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.; Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma Rubra

[90, 92, 115, 116]

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma; Paeoniae Radix Rubra; Violae Herba; Taraxaci Herba

[91, 117]

Vulnerary and Amenorrhea

Angelicae Sinensis Radix; Cyperi Rhizoma; Ligusticum chuanxiong; Codonopsis Radix

[93, 105, 118]

Gonorrhea

Smilax glabra Roxb.; Kochiae Fructus; Portulaca oleracea L.; Hedyotis diffusa Willd

[94, 106, 119]

Antiphlogistic and Diuretic

Phyllanthus urinaria L.; LygodII Spora; Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC

[71, 78, 95, 120]