Fig. 6
TFA ameliorated intestine barrier and decreased inflammation in high fat diet/STZ induced diabetic mice. A H&E staining of intestine tissue. B Occludin expression tested by immunohistochemistry. C Western Blot of proteins in intestine tissue. D MTT assay of CaCO2 cells viability under LPS or TFA treatment. Proteins expression assay of E ZO-1, F Occludin, and G Claudin 5 of CaCO2 cells under LPS treatment by immunofluorescence. Influence of TFA on the expression of H ZO-1, I Occludin, and J Claudin 5. K and L Protein fluorescence density analysis of for H-J by Image J. m Influence of TFA on the in vitro gut barrier model. The concentration of N IL-6, O TNF-α, P IL-1β, Q LPS, and R 5-HT in serum determined by ELISA. S Expression of GLP-1 and GABA in gut tested by immunohistochemistry (GLP-1 indicated by red arrow). LPS: Lipopolysaccharide. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, vs. NC group or vehicle group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, vs. T2DM group or LPS group