Fig. 2

DIM treatment inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner via suppressing MDSCs. A Representative images of tumors, B tumor volume and C tumor weight were shown after 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were intraperitoneally injected with β-cyclodextrin or 2, 5, 10 mg/kg DIM three times a week for two weeks from day 8 after tumor cell inoculation (n = 8). D Representative flow cytometry data of total MDSCs and their subsets from bone marrow, blood, spleen and tumor were shown. E Relative mRNA levels of Arg1 and iNOS in MDSCs from spleen of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice treated with different doses of DIM. F The percentage of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from blood, spleen and tumor in different doses DIM-treated tumor-bearing mice. G IFN-γ level in tumors was measured by ELISA. Data are representative results from three independent experiments and the results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. T-MDSC: total MDSCs; M-MDSC: monocytic MDSC; G-MDSC: granulocytic MDSC