Table 5 Angiogenesis

Icariin

CPC

rBMSC, 20 µM; OVX rat calvarial defect model

Up-regulating VEGF and ANG1

[143]

SMC-PHBHHx scaffold

BMSC, 10⁻⁶ mol/L; rat calvarial defects model

Up-regulating VEGF, and FGF

[20]

45S5 Bioglass

rADSC, 10⁻⁷ mol/L; rat calvarial defects model

Up-regulating VEGF

[144]

Icaritin

PLGA/TCP

BMSC, BMC 0.052: 100 (powder weight to solution volume); rat calvarial defect model

Up-regulating OCN

[145]

PLGA/TCP

Rabbit ulnar segmental bone defect

N/A

[148]

PLGA/TCP

rBMSC, 1 µM; SAON rabbit both distal and proximal femur defect model

MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways

[146, 147]

Hydroxy safflower yellow A

BG

rBMSCs, HUVECs; rat calvarial defects model

Up-regulating HIF-1α

[96]

Silibinin

Zn

C3H10T1/2, MG-63; 60 µM; 3, 7 d

Up-regulating VEGF and ANG1

[120]

Resveratrol

PEGDA/TCS Hydrogel

rBMSCs, HUVECs, 800 µM; rat tibia defect model

Up-regulating CD31

[84]

PLGA microsphere

hMSCs, hTHP-1 monocytes, 25 µM

Up-regulating VEGF

[108]