Table 2 Applications of DNA barcoding and DNA sequence-based markers in the identification of Chinese herbs

Ephedra

–

mahuang

ITS2

[80]

Salvia miltiorrhiza

Root and rhizome

danshen

ITS2

[51]

Angelica sinensis

Root

danggui

ITS2 and psbA-trnH

[102]

Bupleurum

Root

chaihu

ITS2

[137]

Eucommia

Bark

duzhong

ITS2

[138]

Notoginseng

Root

sanqi

ITS2

[139]

Szechwan lovage

Rhizome

chuanxiong

ITS2 and psbA-trnH

[140]

Schisandra

Fruit

wuweizi (beiwuweizi)

ITS2

[141]

Atractylodes

Rhizome

baizhu

ITS2

[142]

Astragalus mongholicus

Root

huangqi

ITS2

[143]

Baical skullcap

Root

huangqin

psbA-trnH

[144]

Angelica dahurica

Root

baizhi

ITS

[145]

Isatis

Root

banlangen

ITS2

[146]

Peony root, white

–

baishao

ITS2

[59]

Peony root, red

–

chishao

ITS2

[59]

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Flower

honghua

ITS2

[147]

Coptis chinensis Franch

Rhizome

huanglian

ITS2

[26]

Cape jasmine

Fruit

zhizi

matK

[120]

Codonopsis

Root

dangshen

ITS + matK

[32]

Magnolia oficinalis

Bark

houpo

ITS2

[138]

Uncaria

Stem

gouteng

ITS and ITS2

[42]

Platycodon

Root

Jiegeng

ITS2

[148]

Angelica pubescens

Root

duhuo

ITS

[32]

Thomson kudzuvine

Root

fenge

ITS2

[26]

Kudzuvine

Root

gegen(yege)

ITS2

[26]

Gastrodia

Rhizome

tianma

matK

[120]

Evodia

Fruit

wuzhuyu

ITS2

[47]

Fleeceflower

Root

heshouwu

matK + rbcL + psbA-trnH + ITS2 or psbA-trnH

[32]

Coix

Seed

yiyiren

ITS2

[7]

Andrographis

–

chuanxinlian

matK

[120]

Lightyellow sophora

Root

kushen

ITS2

[147]

Achyranthes bidendata

Root

niuxi

ITS2

[26]

Anemarrhena asphodeloides

Rhizome

zhimu

trnL-trnF

[32]

Akebia

Stem

mutong

ITS2

[42]

Aucklandia

Root

muxiang

ITS2

[26]

Atractylodes lancea

Rhizome

cangzhu

ITS2

[42]

Lycium barbarum L.

Fruit

gouqizi

ITS

[42]

Corydalis

Rhizome

yanhusuo

ITS2

[26]

Typhae

Pollen

puhuang

ITS2

[147]

Polygonum cuspidatum

Rhizome and root

huzhang

psbA-trnH

[32]

Moutan

Bark

mudanpi

ITS2

[1]

Drynaria

Rhizome

gusuibu

psbA-trnH

[32]

Prunella vulgaris L.

Rhizome and root

xiakucao

ITS2

[51]

Amomum

Fruit

sharen

ITS2

[147]

Belamcanda chinensis

Rhizome

shegan

rbcL

[149]

Piper longum L.

–

bibo

matK + ITS

[149]

Sophora

Flower

huaihua

ITS2

[33]

Piper Nigrum L.

–

hujiao

matK + ITS

[150]

Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Pericarp

huajiao

ITS2

[150]

Clematis armandii

Stem

chuanmutong

ITS2

[52]