Bioactivities | Model | Extracts or compound | Method of administration | Dosage | Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-inflammatory | RAW 264.7 macrophages | The whole dried plant/water/ethanol extracts | / | 60 mg/mL | Inhibiting NO and TNF-α production | [52] |
RAW 264.7 macrophages | The whole plant/quercetin | / | 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml | Inhibiting NO production and the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner | [7] | |
Xylene-induced ear edema mice | The whole plant/water extracts | Intragastric administration | 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg b/w | Reducing the extent of ear edema | [55] | |
Collagen-induced arthritis mice | The whole plant/quercetin | Intragastric administration | 50, 100 mg/kg b/w | Inhibiting ankle mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress | [4] | |
Antioxidant | DPPH radical | The whole dried plant/water/ethanol extracts | / | 60 mg/mL | Exhibiting good free radical scavenging ability | [52] |
yeast model | The whole dried plant/water/ethanol extracts | / | 60 mg/mL | Showing higher survival rates | [52] | |
DPPH radical | Dried stem/the crude polysaccharide extract | / | 10 mg/mL | Exhibiting significant scavenging ability, with scavenging capacities more than 400 µM ascorbate equiv/g | [68] | |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4734 | Dried stem/the purified polysaccharide | / | 10 mg/mL | TCP-2, TCP-3, UC-1 and UC-2 displaying significant antioxidant activity | [68] | |
Anticancer | Human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 | The whole plant/70% ethanol extracts | / | 25, 50, 100 μg/ml | Inhibiting human colorectal cancer cells through GSK3β-dependent cyclin D1 degradation | [73] |
Human colon cancer HT-29 cells | Taxilli heba/water extracts | / | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 g/mL | Inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | [74] | |
Human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K562 | The whole plant/extracts | / | 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/ml | Inhibiting cell proliferation | [75] | |
Human leukemia U937 cells | Quercetin | / | 10, 20 μM | Promoting the reversible G2/M phase arrest of U937 cells | [80] | |
Myeloid cell line P39 | Quercetin | / | 10, 50, 100 μM | Decreasing expression of BcL2, BcL-xL and McL-1 expression, increasing Bax expression | [81] | |
Liver cancer cells (HuH-7 cells, HepG-2 cells) | Procyanidin B1 | / | 0, 5, 50, 500 μM | Inhibiting the Kv10.1 channel in a concentration-dependent manner | [82] | |
Xenograft mice | Procyanidin B1 | Subcutaneous injection | 15 mg/kg b/w | Inhibiting the growth of the tumor | [82] | |
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines | Procyanidin C1 | / | 6.25 ~ 100 μg/mL | Inducing DNA damage, arresting the cell cycle, Decreasing Bcl-2 levels, and increasing the expression of BAX, caspase 3 and 9 in cells | [83] | |
Human liver cancer cells Bel-7402 and human stomach cancer cells MGC-823 | Lectins | / | 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL | Inhibiting the growth of cells | [86] | |
Antimicrobial and anti-virus | Vero E6 cells | The dried stem, with leave of the plant/water–ethanol extracts | / | 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL | Inhibiting SARS-CoV 3CL protease activity | [87] |
HBsAg | The whole plant/10% water extract | / | 20, 40, 80, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2500 μg/50 μL | Exhibiting good inhibitory effect on HbsAg | [88] | |
DHBV-infected ducklings | Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid | Intragastric administration | 100 mg/kg b/w | Reducing the DHBV viremia | [89] | |
Diuretic | Anesthetized dogs | Avicularin | Intravenous injection | 0.5 mg/kg b/w | Exhibiting diuresis | |
Rats | Avicularin | Intragastric administration or injection | 34 mg/kg b/w | Exhibiting significant diuretic effect | ||
Anti-hypertensive | Spontaneously hypertensive rats | Taxilli herba | Intragastric administration | 1.48, 5.90 g/kg b/w | Increasing SOD activity, increasing NO release in serum, and decreasing AngII and ET-1 levels in plasma | [102] |
Renal hypertensive rats | Quercetin | Intragastric administration | 30 mg/kg b/w | Decreasing blood pressure, reducing the concentration of free calcium ions in renal artery smooth muscle cells | [103] | |
Anti-hyperglycemic | Hyperglycemia mice induced by streptozotocin | Total flavonoids | Intragastric administration | 100, 200, 400 mg/kg b/w | Reducing the serum TC and TG levels and increase the serum HDL-G content of mice | [107] |
Diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) | Total flavonoids | Intragastric administration | 150, 300, 600 mg/kg b/w | Inhibiting lipid peroxidation in mice, protecting thymus atrophy and improving insulin resistance in diabetic mice | [108] | |
HepG 2 cells | Taxilli herba | / | 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mg/mL | Promoting the metabolism of peripheral tissues and improving the sensitivity of liver cells to insulin | [109] | |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model mice | The dried plant/Ethanol extract | Intragastric administration | 7.5, 15, 30 g/kg b/w | Improving high blood glucose level, liver and kidney complications, and protecting liver and kidney function | [110] |