Fig. 4

Actions of dicoumarol that may contribute to its antitumor effects. The figure was produced using Servier Medical Art. Legend—I, II, III, IV: oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, II, III and IV, respectively; cyt c: cytochrome c; CRE: cyclic adenose monophosphate response elements; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NQO1: NAD(P):(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase 1; PARP: poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK1: phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PSG1: pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TGFβ1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TFGβR: transforming growth factor receptor