Table 2 Chemical constituents and their biological properties reported from Paeonia emodi Royle
Class of compounds | Chemical compound | Sources/part of plant | Biological effect | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Triterpenes | Emodinol Oleanolic acid β-amyrin Lupeol 24-methylenecycloartanol Cycloartenol Betulinic acid | Roots/seeds/flowers/tuber | Anticoagulant Cardioprotective ↓Lipoxygenase ↓β-glucuronidase Free-radicals Antibacterial Antiulcer | [96] [101] [56] [4] [35] |
Monoterpenes | Lactiflorin, Paeonin A, B, C Wurdin Benzoyl wurdin Paeoniflorin Oxypaeoniflorin Paeoninol | Roots/tuber/seeds | ↓Lipoxygenase Antioxidant ↓Free radicals Anticoagulant Cardioprotective Antibacterial | [35] [94] [96] [103] [98] [48] [104] |
Phenolic acids | Paeonol Hydroxybenzoic acid Gallic acid Methyl gallate Ethyl gallate Methylgrevillate Benzoic acid 3-hydroxy benzoic acid 4-hydroxy benzoic acid Oligo stilbene Chrysophanic acid Syringic acid Ethyl gallate | Seeds/tuber/roots | Antioxidant ↓Free radicals ↓Lipoxygenase, ↓β-glucuronidase Anticoagulant Cardioprotective | [8] [98] [103] |
Fatty acids | Octanoic acid Decanoic acid Lauric acid Myristic acid Palmitic acid Palmitoleic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Palmitoleic acid Myristoleic acid Myristic acids Butyrospermol | Roots | Antibacterial Antifungal Antioxidant | [100] [35] [104] |
Steroids | Campesterol Sitosterol | Roots/tuber/seeds/petals | Antibacterial Antifungal Antioxidant | [35] [104] |