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Fig. 4 | Chinese Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Honokiol acts as an AMPK complex agonist therapeutic in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome

Fig. 4Fig. 4

Honokiol protects against mouse NASH. A Schematic of the CDAHFD-induced NASH model and evaluating the therapeutic effects of honokiol in vivo (100 mg/kg). B Body weights of NC- or CDAHFD-fed mice treated with honokiol or vehicle three weeks after subjecting them to their respective diets for one week. n = 6 mice per group. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. C Liver weights and ratio of liver weight to body weight (LW/BW) of NC- or CDAHFD-fed mice treated with honokiol or CMC three weeks after subjecting them to their respective diets for one week. n = 6 mice per group. One-way ANOVA assay was used for statistical analysis. D Blood glucose concentrations during GTT and the AUC of GTT of CDAHFD-fed mice treated with vehicle or honokiol. E Fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations of CDAHFD-fed mice treated with vehicle or honokiol. n = 6 mice per group. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. F TG, TC and NEFA levels in the livers of CDAHFD-fed mice treated with honokiol or vehicle. n = 6 mice per group. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. G Representative images of indicated mouse liver sections stained with HE, ORO, PSR, and IHC for CD11b-positive cells. n = 6 mice per group. Scale bar 50 μm. H Results of NAS (HE) and quantitative analysis of ORO, PSR, and CD11b shown in (G). n = 6 mice per group. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for NAS and Student’s t-test was applied to ORO, PSR, and CD11b data. I Serum ALT and AST activity and serum TG concentrations in CDAHFD-fed mice treated with honokiol or vehicles. n = 6 mice per group. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. J Schematic of the MCD-induced NASH model and evaluating the therapeutic effects of honokiol in vivo (100 mg/kg). K TG, TC. and NEFA levels in the livers of MCD-fed mice treated with honokiol or vehicle. n = 6 mice per group. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. L Representative images of the indicated mouse liver sections stained with HE, ORO, PSR, and IHC for CD11b-positive cells. n = 6 mice per group. Scale bar 50 μm. M Results of NAS (HE) and quantitative analysis of ORO, PSR, and CD11b data shown in (L). n = 6 mice per group. For statistical analysis, the Mann–Whitney U test was used for NAS and Student’s t-test was applied to ORO, PSR, and CD11b. N Serum ALT and AST activity of MCD-fed mice treated with honokiol or vehicle. n = 6 mice per group. Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. O GSVA pathway enrichment analysis related to cell damage and death, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and fibrosis differentially regulated by honokiol treatment. n = 5 mice per group. P Heatmaps of gene expression profiles involved in cell damage and death, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis

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