Potential traditional Chinese medicines with anti-inflammation in the prevention of heart failure following myocardial infarction

Zhang, Zhen; Chen, Fei; Wan, Jingjing; Liu, Xia

doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00732-w

Table 1 Single Chinese herbs

From: Potential traditional Chinese medicines with anti-inflammation in the prevention of heart failure following myocardial infarction

Name	In clinic		In experiments		Targets or pathways	Cardiac function	References
	Application	Inflammation	Model	Inflammation
Astragalus	AMI; congestive HF	IL-6 and TNF-α↓	In LAD-induced MI or HF rats; In ISO-induced CH rats; LPS-induced inflammation injury in H9c2	IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-8↓	TLR4/NF-κB↓ → IκB-α↑; JAK↓; PI3K-AKT↑; miR-127↓	LVIDd and LVIDs↓ LVEF and LVFS↑	[39,40,41, 46]
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Chronic HF; MI; Stroke	–	In LAD-induced MI rats or mice	IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1; CD68 and TNF-β↓	NF-κB↓; Trx/JNK↑	LVEF and LVFS↑	[33, 50, 51, 53, 54]
Rhodiola	Chronic MI with HF; MI after PCI	Hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α↓	LAD in MI mice; H9C2 cell damage caused by LPS or hypoxic-reoxygenated	IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, PEG2↓	Nox/NF-κB/AP1↓; PI3K/AKT/mTOR↑	LVEDd and LVESd↓	[58, 60]
Rhodiola	Chronic MI with HF; MI after PCI	Hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α↓		IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, PEG2↓	Nox/NF-κB/AP1↓; PI3K/AKT/mTOR↑	LVEF and LVFS↑	[61, 62]
Ge-Gen	CAD; MI;HF	hs-CRP and TNF-α↓	In HF rats induced by TAC; ISO in MI mice	IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α↓	PPARα↑ → Nrf1, Fos and Yy1↑; PPAR-γ↑, NF-κB↓	LVEF and LVFS↑	[66, 68,69,70, 162]
Ginseng	MI; CHF	IL-6 and TNF-α	In MI rats by LAD	MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	SIRT1↑; IκK/IκB/ NF-κB↓	LVSP↑	[73,74,75, 77]
						LVEDP↓
						LV + dp/dt_max↑
						LV-dp/dt_min↓
Andrographis paniculata	CAD	–	In MI mice by LAD	TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	NF-κB/MAPK↓, STAT3↑, NF-κB↓	LVEF↑	[81, 82]
Andrographis paniculata	CAD	–	In MI mice by LAD	TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	NF-κB/MAPK↓, STAT3↑, NF-κB↓	LVESd↓	[81, 82]
Ginkgo	CAD; MI	TLR4/NF-κB, CRP, slCAM-1 and svCAM-1↓	In AMI or HF mice by LAD	TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	NF-κB↓	LDH, CK and CK-MB↓	[84,85,86,87,88]
Curcumalonga	MI after CABG	–	In MI rats by LAD or ISO;	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β↓,	NF-κB↓	CK-MB↓	[92, 94, 95]
Motherwort	Ischemic CAD	–	In ISO-treated CH rats	IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IFN-1β↓	NF-κB↓	HW/BW and LVW/BW↓	[99,100,101]
Yanhusso	CAD; HF	–	In HF rats by LAD	TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	NF-κB↓	LVEDd and LVESd↓	[104,105,106]
Yanhusso	CAD; HF	–	In HF rats by LAD	TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓	NF-κB↓	LVED,LVFS and LVEF↑	[104,105,106]
Epimedium	CAD	–	In AMI rats by LAD; In rats with congestive HF	TNF-α, iNOS↓	NF-κB↓	LV + dp/dt_max↑	[109, 110, 113]
Epimedium	CAD	–	In AMI rats by LAD; In rats with congestive HF	TNF-α, iNOS↓	NF-κB↓	LV-dp/dt_min↓	[109, 110, 113]
Schisandra	MI	–	LAD in MI mice; ISO in MI rats	TGF-β1,TNF-α↓, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, iNOS and PGE2↓	–	LVESd and LVEDd↓	[117, 118]
Schisandra	MI	–	LAD in MI mice; ISO in MI rats	TGF-β1,TNF-α↓, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, iNOS and PGE2↓	–	LVEF and LVFS↑	[117, 118]
Dragon’s blood	AMI	–	In LAD-induced AMI mice	IL-6↓	IL6-JAK2/STAT3↑	LVEF and LVFS↑	[120]
Lithospermum	–	–	In ISO-induced HF rats; In TAC-induced chronic HF mice	–	TLR4/ NF-κB↓	LVPWd and IVSd↓	[124, 125]
Lithospermum	–	–	In ISO-induced HF rats; In TAC-induced chronic HF mice	–	TLR4/ NF-κB↓	EF and FS↑	[124, 125]

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