Fig. 6

Experimental validations of candidate biomarkers of RA-Cold and RA-Hot using an independent clinical cohort. Boxplots (A) and ROC (B) analysis of five biomarkers with differential levels among NC, RA-Cold and RA-Hot groups. Radar Charts of performance metrics (AUC, Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Specificity and F1-measure) for biomarkers (C). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0,001 versus NCs group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, RA-Cold versus RA-Hot group. Data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by Wilcoxon–Mann U test with FDR control