Table 2 Ongoing clinical trials on enhancing the effect of ICIs by TCM
Year-author | Registry number | Cancer type | TCM | Formulation | Intervention | Controlled | Sample size | Primary outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCT | ||||||||
 2019-Zhong Y | ChiCTR1900026300 | Malignant tumors | Xianglian Wan | Compound prescription | ICIs + Xianglian Wan | ICIs + Xianglian Wan placebo | 44/44 | PFS and intestinal flora |
 2020-Li X | ChiCTR2000040911 | Lung cancer | Astragalus Polysaccharide | Monomer | Anti-PD-1(Carrelizumab) + apatinib mesylate + Astragalus polysaccharide injection | Anti-PD-1(carrelizumab) + apatinib mesylate | 30/30 | PFS |
 2020-Yang J | ChiCTR2000036977 | NSCLC | Yiqijiedu compound | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1(Pembrolizumab) + Yijiedufang Compound | Anti-PD-1(pembrolizumab) | 30/30 | PFS and MST |
 2021-Yang J | ChiCTR2100041920 | NSCLC | Yiqijiedu compound | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + Yijiedufang Compound | Anti-PD-1 + placebo | 40/40 | PFS and OS |
 2021-Tian W | ChiCTR2100045870 | HCC | Huaier Granules | Chinese patent medicine | Anti-PD-L1(atelizumab) + bevacizumab + Huaier Granules | Anti-PD-L1(atelizumab) + bevacizumab | 90/90 | Tumor size, AFP, and safety |
 2021-Yan D | ChiCTR2100051276 | NSCLC | Baicalin combination | Monomer | Anti-PD-1 + baicalin combination | Anti-PD-1 | 76/76 | Tumor size |
 2022-Wu W | ChiCTR2200055453 | NSCLC | Fuzheng Kangai Granule | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + Fuzheng Kangai Granule | Anti-PD-1 + placebo | 30/30 | PFS |
 2022-Feng C | ChiCTR2200061279 | NSCLC | Shenlingbaizhu Powder | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + Shenlingbaizhu Powder | Anti-PD-1 | 88/88 | PFS |
 2022-Zhang H | NCT05378334 | NSCLC | HuGuXiaoJiTang | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + chemotherapy + HGXJT | Anti-PD-1 + chemotherapy | 41/41 | DCR |
Single-arm study | ||||||||
 2021-Li P | ChiCTR2100049159 | HCC | TCM | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1(carrelizumab) + TCM | NA | 50 | PFS |
 2021-Cui H | ChiCTR2100051747 | LUSC | GegenQinlian Tablets | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + GegenQinlian Tablets | NA | 27 | ORR and DCR |
 2021-Cao Y | ChiCTR2100046431 | Lung cancer | Gensing Polysaccharides | Compound prescription | ICIs + Gensing Polysaccharides | NA | 45 | ORR and DCR |
 2022-Wang G | ChiCTR2200058126 | Pancreatic cancer | Fuzi Lizhong Pill | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1(carrelizumab) + albumin paclitaxel + apatinib ± Fuzi Lizhong Pill | NA | 30 | ORR |
Observational study | ||||||||
 2020-Wang L | ChiCTR2000032287 | NSCLC | Bushen Tiaoyuan Recipe | Compound prescription | Anti-PD-1 + chemotherapy + Bushen Tiaoyuan Recipe | Anti-PD-1 + chemotherapy + placebo | 55/55 | ORR, AEs, and cancer fatigue score |
 2022-Zhang F | ChiCTR2200055330 | Stomach Cancer | Wenyang Tongluo Recipe | Compound prescription | Anti-PD- 1(toripalimab) + Wenyang Tongluo Recipe + apatinib | Anti- PD-1(toripalimab) + apatinib | 30/30 | Tumor size and tumor marker |