Fig. 4

A–C Metabolomics analyzed the relative peak areas of aspartate, choline, and betaine. D The effect of BSYZ on betaine levels in the brain of experimental rats was detected by a kit. Data are expressed as mean (M ± SEM) and were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the Con group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001vs. the D-gal group