Fig. 5

Treatment with BSYZ improved mitochondrial functions and choline metablism by upregulating AMPK/Sirt1 signaling, reduced by D-gal rats. A, B The representative histograms show the ATP levels and NAD⁺/NADH ratio in the cortex tissue lysate of the treated with BSYZ rats. C–H Weatern blot analysis of CHDH, BHMT, AMPK, P-AMPK and Sirt1in the cortex and hippocampus of experimental groups. Data are expressed as mean (M ± SEM) and were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. the Con group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the D-gal group