Fig. 2
PNS reduces hypoxia-induced injury, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes. A Cell viability was determined by CCK-8. B LDH was measured by ELISA. C Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry assay. D Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, TGF-β1, GSDMD-N, and caspase-1. H9c2 cells were incubated in an atmosphere of 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 for 4 h and treated with corresponding doses of PNS (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL). **p < 0.01 vs. control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. hypoxia group; ^p < 0.05, ^^p < 0.01 vs. hypoxia + 100 μg/mL PNS group; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs. hypoxia + 200 μg/mL PNS group. PNS: Panax notoginseng saponins; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; TGF: transforming growth factor; IL: interleukin; GSDMD-N: N terminal of gasdermin D