Table 2 Pharmacological properties of various extracts of A. paniculat a

methanol extract

restore plasma lipid peroxidation, ALT, AST activities in CCl₄-treated rats (orally 1 g/kg BW, 14d)

[94]

ethanol extract

  serum anti-Salmonella typhinurium IgG levels

  IFN-γ in Con A-stimulated splenocytes of mice (orally, 25 or 50 mg/kg BW, 14d)

[76]

  antibody and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (orally 25 mg/kg, 7d)

[74]

  G0/G1 phase

  mitochondrial CYP and expression of Bax in human leukemic HL-60 cells

[49]

  expression of EBV lytic proteins during the viral lytic cycle in P3HR1 cells

[82]

  fasting serum glucose in diabetic rats (orally 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/BW, 14d)

  liver and kidney TBARS levels

  liver GSH concentrations (orally 400 mg/kg BW, 14d)

[113]

95% ethanol extract

  RANTES secretion by human bronchial epithelial cells infected with influenza A virus H1N1

[86]

80% ethanol extract

  hepatic GPX, GR, CAT, SOD;   lipid peroxidation (orally 50, 100 mg/kg BW, 14d)

[121]

70% ethanol extract

  CTL production through enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IFNγ by EL-4 T cells

[43]

  serum NO, VEGF and TIMP-1, angiogenesis in melanoma cell implanted mice (i.p. 10 mg/d, 5d)

[56]

95% ethanol or EtOAc extract

  pi class of glutathione S-transferase expression in rat primary hepatocytes

[99]

EtOAc extract

  NF-κB trans-activation assayed by NF-κB-dependent luciferase activity

  ex-vivo NO and PGE₂ production by LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated peritoneal macrophages

  LPS-induced acute inflammation in mice (orally 0.78~3.12 mg/kg BW, 7d)

[5, 39]

aqueous extract

  protect nicotine-induced toxicity in brain (i.p. 250 mg/kg BW, 7d)

  nicotine induced DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation

[93, 92]

  systolic blood pressure of SHR and WKY rats (i.p. 0.7, 1.4, 2.8 g/kg BW)

[101]

  blood glucose in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats (50 mg/kg BW, 10d)

[115]

  hepatic CAT, SOD and GST activities in lymphoma bearing mice (orally 10~30 mg/d)

[123]