Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extracts increase the mitochondrial membrane potential and cause apoptotic death of THP-1 monocytes

Table 1 Effects of different extracts on differentiation of monocytic THP-1 cells into macrophages

Species/Type	Macrophage-like morphology	Time required for changes (h)	Cytopathogenicity
A. bisporus	++++	24-48
A. brasiliensis	++++	24-48
C. militaris	+++	24-72	After 24 h cell death
P. linteus	-	24	After 24 h apoptosis
S. cerevisiae (baker's yeast	-
Avena sativa (Oat)	-
PMA (40 ng/mL)	++++	48-96
LPS (1 μg/mL)	++	72
Laminarin	-
Zymosan	+	48
Fixated E.coli ( 5×10⁸/mL)	++	72

THP-1 cells were cultivated in 24 well plates in RPMI 1640 complete medium to which polysaccharide extracts respectively activators had been added at 1 mg/mL, unless otherwise stated. After 24 h culture medium was decanted and cells were washed in PBS, fixated with 4% buffered formaldehyde and stained by 0.2% crystal violet as described in Methods: THP-1 differentiation and stimulation. Non-adhering cells as treated by P. linteus polysaccharide extract were collected and PBS washed by centrifuging at 80 × g for 5 min in an Eppendorf 45 centrifuge.

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