Synergistic effects of melphalan and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Simaosong) extracts on apoptosis induction in human cancer cells

Table 3 Dose reduction index (DRI) and combination index (CI)

% Antiproliferation	Cell lines	Combination treatment	DRI		CI
% Antiproliferation	Cell lines	Combination treatment	P. kesiya	Melphalan	CI
90 % (IC₉₀)	U937	Fixed [P. kesiya] = IC₅₀	2.3	7.8	0.56
	U937	Fixed [melphalan] = IC₅₀	6.5	5.5	0.33
	HepG2	Fixed [P. kesiya] = IC₅₀	2.0	3.6	0.79
	HepG2	Fixed [melphalan] = IC₅₀	2.4	3.2	0.74
75 % (IC₇₅)	U937	Fixed [P. kesiya] = IC₅₀	1.8	8.7	0.66
	U937	Fixed [melphalan] = IC₅₀	9.1	3.8	0.37
	HepG2	Fixed [P. kesiya] = IC₅₀	1.6	3.8	0.90
	HepG2	Fixed [melphalan] = IC₅₀	2.7	2.4	0.79

DRI and CI of the combination treatment of P. kesiya/melphalan in U937 or in HepG2 cells at the concentrations that produced 90 and 75 % antiproliferation

ISSN: 1749-8546