Fig. 4
From: A novel dammarane triterpenoid alleviates atherosclerosis by activating the LXRα pathway
CKN inhibited the formation of foam cells. The concentrations of cholesteryl ester in foam cells decreased after RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with CK (30 μM) or CKN (3, 10, and 30 μM). Scale bars: 50 µm (A and C). The cellular toxicity of CKN was analysed using the CCK-8 method (B). Cellular IL-1β (D) and TNF-α (E) levels decreased after treatment with CKN (3, 10, and 30 μM). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), and significance was determined by ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc analysis. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001