Fig. 2

Heatmap presents expression values of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in PNS-treated pancreatic β cells compared to the control model. DEGs that were seen across 2 or 3 PNS concentrations were taken into account, resulting in 63 up-regulated DEGs and 33 down-regulated DEGs. Up-regulated DEGs (pink label) were functionally enriched in nuclear factor erythroid-derived two signaling, glutathione metabolism, and cellular iron ion homeostasis related pathways, while down-regulated DEGs (turquoise label) were functionally enriched in organic hydroxy compound transport, negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, and cholesterol homeostasis related pathways. (Fold change ≥ 1.5, False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05). Low: 11.2, Medium: 20.2 and High: 29.1 mg/mL