Fig. 6

Effect of PNS treatment in INS-1 cell line. A Pancreatic β cell viability test determined with CCK-8 assay. Each point shows inhibition ratio of PNS on cells adjusted with control against a concentration gradient. B Cell morphology at different magnification post 24 h PNS treatment in 3 different concentrations, low (L, 11.2 mg/mL), medium (M, 20.2 mg/mL) and high (H, 29.1 mg/mL). Cells were collected after 24 h PNS treatment for RNA and miRNA sequencing. C Relative quantification (RT-qPCR) of up-regulated DEGs and D down-regulated DEGs transcripts. The gene encoding Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used for normalization. E RT-qPCR of miRNA expression profiles. U6 was used for normalization. Each column represents the mean of three independent samples of different cell passage. * indicate significant differences between groups *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01