Table 3 Common heavy metal removal methods
Methods | Category | Principle | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vivo heavy metal purification method | Water purification temporary method | Place contaminated seafood in a clean water area for incubation, and excrete heavy metals through the metabolism of the organism | Simple operation | Long time consuming, High loss, Easy to cause water pollution | [93] [94] |
| Â | Aquaculture water purification method | Keep the water clean to reduce pollution | Titanium nanomaterials have large specific surface area and thermal stability | Expensive | [95] [96] [97] |
|  | Feed purification method | Adding Polysaccharide Complex Bait to Purified Water for Temporary Feeding, and excrete heavy metals through the metabolism of the organism | Improve removal efficiency | – | [98] [99] |
|  | Microbial preparation purification method | Add microbial agents in the water body to balance the flora and inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria | Reduce harmful substances and save resources | – | [100] |
Removal of Heavy Metals by Protease Hydrolysis | Adsorption method | The heavy metals are adsorbed on the surface with adsorbent, and the purpose of separating the active molecules from the heavy metals is achieved by desorbing the heavy metals | Wide source, low cost, no secondary pollution, strong heavy metal adsorption capacity (Chitosan) | Poor adsorption selectivity, narrow application range of pH value, etc | [101] [102] [103] [104] |
| Â | Complex method | Contact heavy metals with complexing reagents to form heavy metal complexes, so as to remove heavy metals | Non toxic, wide application range of pH value, strong chelating ability (phytic acid) Good combination ability | Long processing time | [105] [106] |
| Â | Chelating resin method | Heavy metal ions coordinate with resins with active atoms to form stable chelates | Good adsorption effect, high selectivity, good stability and good separation effect | Complex regeneration process | [107] [108] [109] |
|  | Membrane separation method | Selective permeability of ion exchange membrane, including ED and UF | The removal effect is good by combining various technologies | – | [110] [111] |