Fig. 2

Network pharmacology combined with multi-omics analysis suggests that the anti-COPD pharmacological mechanism of ISOF is mainly related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. A: Venn analysis of three comparative DEGs in lung tissue transcriptomics and clustering screening of 55 common DEGs; B: KEGG functional enrichment analysis based on 39 core DEGs; C: PPI analysis of the correlation between whole blood transcriptomics DEGs and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway targets (light blue positive octagonal nodes represent genes of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, dark blue positive hexagonal nodes represent DEGs of ISOF vs M in whole blood transcriptomics, purple positive hexagonal nodes represent genes shared by whole blood transcriptomics and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway); D: pharmacological mechanism map according to network pharmacology and multi-omics analysis (red borders are DEGs in multi-omics or ISOF's anti-COPD related targets in network pharmacology, red boxes on a yellow background are core DEGs in histology)