Fig. 4

DHJST inhibits Notch1 signaling and NLRP3 activation in the synovial tissue of KOA mice C57BL/6 mice were injected with 4% papain 0.1 ml (once a week for three weeks) into the right knee joint to induce KOA. After that, they were treated with 2 g/kg or 4 g/kg DHJST for 4 weeks. A, B Immunohistochemical staining of Notch1 in the synovium of the right knee joint of mice and its mean optical density analysis. C, D Immunohistochemical staining of NLRP3 in the synovium of the right knee joint of mice and its mean optical density analysis. E, F mRNA expression levels of HES1 and HEY1 in the synovium of the right knee joint of mice. G, H Immunohistochemical staining of Caspase-1 in the synovium of the right knee joint of mice and its mean optical density analysis. I, J Immunohistochemical staining of ASC in the synovium of the right knee joint of mice and its mean optical density analysis. K, L Detection of serum IL-6 and IL-18 levels in mice by ELISA kit. N = 6 in A–D and G–J, N = 8 in E, F and K, L