Focus on T cell exhaustion: new advances in traditional Chinese medicine in infection and cancer

Li, Shenghao; Hao, Liyuan; Zhang, Junli; Deng, Jiali; Hu, Xiaoyu

doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00785-x

Chinese Medicine

Table 1 Strategies to reverse T cell exhaustion

From: Focus on T cell exhaustion: new advances in traditional Chinese medicine in infection and cancer

Disease types	Intervention methods	Target	References
HIV	Anti-PD-L1	PD-1	[30]
HBV	Anti-PD-L1	PD-1	[31]
LCMV	Anti-PD-L1, anti-LAG-3	PD-1, LAG-3	[32, 33]
HIV	Knock-down of PD-L1 and PD-L2	PD-L1, PD-L2	[34]
HIV	Anti-CTLA-4	CTLA-4	[36]
HBV	Anti-CTLA-4	CTLA-4	[37]
Bladder cancer	Anti-CTLA-4	CTLA-4	[38]
LCMV	Anti-TIM-3	TIM-3	[39]
HCV	Anti-TIM-3	TIM-3	[42]
HIV	Anti-TIM-3	TIM-3	[43]
HCC	Anti-TIM-3	TIM-3	[45]
LCMV	Anti-LAG-3	LAG-3	[46]
RCC	Knock out of VISTA	VISTA	[49, 50]
HCV	Anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4	PD-1, CTLA-4	[51]
HBV	Anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4	PD-1, CTLA-4	[52]
LCMV	Anti-PD-L1, anti-TIM-3	PD-1, TIM-3	[53]
GC	Anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-LAG-3, anti-TIM-3	PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3	[54]
Osteosarcoma	Knockout of DNMT3A	DNMT3A	[56, 57]
LCMV	Knockout of TOX	TOX	[58]
Melanoma	Knockout of TOX	TOX	[59]
LCMV	Knockout of NR4A1	NR4A1	[61, 62]
LCMV	Knockout of Eomes	Eomes	[66]
LCMV	Knockout of T-bet	T-bet	[67]
CLL	BTK inhibitor	Glycolysis	[72]
LCMV	Anti-PD-L1	Glycolysis	[73]
Sarcoma	Anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4	Glycolysis	[75]
NSCLC	Anti-PD-1	Glucose, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism	[76]
Melanoma	Knock down and overexpress of XBP1s	Cholesterol	[77, 78]
Lymphoma	Glutamine metabolism inhibitors	Glutamine metabolism	[79]
Breast cancer, cervical cancer	D-1MT	Tryptophan catabolism	[81]
HBV	Anti-CD3, and anti-CD28	Arginine	[82]
HIV	IL-15	Glycolysis	[84]
HCV	Histone methyltransferase inhibitors	Glycolytic and mitochondrial functions	[85]
Colon cancer, lymphoma, melanoma	DON, JHU083	Glutamine	[87]
HBV	Mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants	Mitochondria	[86]
ccRCC	Metformin	Mitochondrial ROS	[89]
Melanoma	Axitinib, anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4	Mitochondrial ROS	[91]
Melanoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer	Overexpress of PGC1α	Mitochondrial metabolism	[92]
LCMV, melanoma	Knock out of VHL	HIF-1α, HIF-2α	[94]
Breast cancer	Knock out of HIF-1α	HIF-1α, VEGF-A	[95]

RCC renal cell carcinoma, GC gastric cancer, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, BTK Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, d-1MT 1-methyl-d-tryptophan, NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer, IL-15 interleukin-15, DON 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, ccRCC clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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