Fig. 4

EmB-MO attenuated the inflammatory response in mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. A MPO activity in colon tissues and Lcn-2 activity in feces. B Expression levels of TNF-α (B-1), IL-1β (B-2), IL-6 (B-3), and IL-10 (B-4) in colon tissues. Data represent the mean ± standard error of the mea (n = 3). ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. ulcerative colitis group. 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid, 100 mg/kg/d; Em: Emodin, 8 mg/kg/d; EmB-L: Emodin-borate nanoparticles, 3 mg/kg/d; EmB-H: 6 mg/kg/d; EmB-MO-L: EmB modified with oligomeric mannitol into microgels, 3 mg/kg/d; and EmB-MO-H: 6 mg/kg/d