Fig. 5

EmB-MO restored the intestinal barrier function in mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. A Intestinal permeability of FITC-dextran in the indicated different groups. B Claudin 1, Claudin 4, ZO-1, and Occludin mRNA levels in colon tissues. C Representative immunoblots showing expression levels of ZO-1 (C-1) and Occludin (C-2). The relative protein expression was normalized to GAPDH. Data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. ulcerative colitis group, ^&&P < 0.01, ^&&&P < 0.001 vs. EmB-MO-H group. 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid, 100 mg/kg/d; Em: Emodin, 8 mg/kg/d; EmB-H: Emodin-borate nanoparticles, 6 mg/kg/d; and EmB-MO-H: EmB modified with oligomeric mannitol into microgels, 6 mg/kg/d