Fig. 2

LQF maintains intestinal barrier integrity in ventricular remodeling rats. A H&E (scale bar = 200 μm) and AB-PAS staining (scale bar = 200 μm) of colon (for all groups, n = 6). B Plasma LPS (ng/L), D-lactate (μg/L) and zonulin (ng/L) content in rats. C Serum TNF-α (ng/L), IL-1β (ng/L) content in rats. D Immunofluorescence of Occluding, Claudin-1, ZO-1 of colon (scale bar = 50 μm). Three views were randomly selected from each slice (n = 6 for each group) and the fluorescence intensity of each slice was quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ software. The average fluorescence intensity of the model group was calibrated to a value ‘one’, and the remaining groups were analyzed relative to the model group. E Protein expression of Occluding, Claudin-1 and HIF-1α of colon. β-actin served as a loading control. Three samples were randomly selected from each group for target protein detection, and the grayscale values of each band were quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ software. The average grayscale value of the model group was calibrated to a value ‘one’, and the remaining groups were analyzed relative to the model group. F Immunohistochemistry of HIF-1α of colon (scale bar = 50 μm). Three views were randomly selected from slice (n = 6 for each group) and the positive area of each slice was quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ software. The average positive area of the model group was calibrated to a value ‘one’, and the remaining groups were analyzed relative to the model group. All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs Sham, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns (not significant) compared with indicated group