Fig. 3

Effects of BJIKT on skin barrier dysfunction in AD mice fed a low AhR ligand diet. A Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was performed at the end of the experiments after sensitization using TM300; RNA-seq analysis of the expression levels of the differentially expressed genes B Activation of the IL‐13/4‐STAT3 axis inhibits the expression of FLG and LOR (downregulation of barrier); C IL4Rα, IL13Rα1, STAT3 in the skin; D loricrin (LOR), involucrin (IVL), and filaggrin (FLG2) in the skin; E A representative heatmap of the RNA-seq analysis of skin tissues. Number of experiments conducted for group comparisons: Cont, n = 4; ^LowAhR, n = 4; ^LowAhR + AD, n = 4; and ^LowAhR + AD + BJ, n = 4. The values are expressed as the means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 according to a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons