Fig. 5

Enhanced autophagy by dendrobine treatment. A, B Failure of dendrobine to prolong the lifespans of Δatg2 and Δatg32 yeast mutants with K6001 background. C Fluorescent images of yeasts treated with 300 µM RES or 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM dendrobine. Punctate green fluorescence is free GFP representing the occurrence of autophagy. D Statistical result of C; ten pictures of each group were selected randomly, and calculated the percentage of cells with free GFP in each group; ^*** represents significant difference compared with negative control (p < 0.001). E The western blot results of GFP-Atg8 and free GFP in yeast after treatment with 200 nM wortmannin (Wor), 300 µM RES and different doses of dendrobine for 22 h. F The digital result of E, ^*, ^** represent significant difference compared with negative control (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). G The western blot results of GFP-Atg8 and free GFP in yeast after treatment with 300 µM RES, 200 nM wortmannin, 200 nM wortmannin plus 1 µM dendrobine, or 1 µM dendrobine at indicated time. H The digital result of G; ^*** represents significant difference compared with dendrobine-treated group at 0 h (p < 0.001). ^##, ^### represent significant difference compared with control group at 22 h (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). The experiment was repeated three times and data from each experiment are displayed as mean ± SEM.