Fig. 5

CSO inhibited angiogenesis in synovial tissues of CIA rats. A IHC staining of CD31 and IF staining of CD31/αSMA. Black arrows indicate positive staining of CD31, White arrows indicate immature vessels labeled with CD31⁺/αSMA⁻. B Integral Optical Density (IOD) of CD31. C The number of CD31⁺/αSMA⁻ vessels. D The number of CD31⁺/αSMA⁺ vessels. E The number of Total vessels. Datasets are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. CON group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. CIA group, n = 3