Fig. 2

Protodioscin demonstrated a notable reduction in the levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and ROS, coupled with an elevation in SOD activity and GSH level. Additionally, protodioscin increased the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in the mouse lung tissues with pulmonary fibrosis. The assessment of ROS level in mouse lung tissues was undertaken through DHE staining (A). Immunohistochemical analysis, depicted in images at a magnification of × 100, was utilized to assess the expression of 8-OHdG in mouse lung tissues (B). Biochemical assays were utilized to measure MDA and GSH levels, as well as SOD activity (C–E). It was attempted to determine mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 and NQO1 through qRT-PCR and WB (F–H). The designations BLM + H, BLM + M, BLM + L, BLM, and Control correspond to the high-dose treatment, medium-dose treatment, low-dose treatment, lung fibrosis model, and control groups, respectively. Expression of data was undertaken in form of mean ± standard deviation. The sample size, particularly per group, was eight, * P < 0.05; *It is suggestive of statistical significance at the P threshold below 0.05; **Denotes heightened significance at the P threshold below 0.01; ***Reflects substantial significance at the P threshold below 0.001; ****Demonstrates remarkable significance at the P threshold below 0.0001