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Table 2 Summary of outcome measures’ comparison between acupressure and sham groups before, immediate after intervention, and 2 weeks after intervention

From: Self-administered acupressure for treating adult psychiatric patients with constipation: a randomized controlled trial

 

Treatment group (n = 33)

Sham group (n = 35)

GEE test

Effect size

Pretest mean (SD)

Post-test 1 mean (SD)

Post-test 2 mean (SD)

Pretest mean (SD)

Post-test 1 mean (SD)

Post-test 2 mean (SD)

Wald’s χ2

P

 

CAS

4.45 (0.404)

3.03(0.347)

2.64 (0.361)

4.94 (0.460)

5.12 (0.365)

5.88(0.487)

13.109

<0.0005

0.37

PAC-QoL

         

 Total

1.08 (0.712)

0.87 (0.728)

0.88 (0.719)

1.13 (0.695)

1.21 (0.686)

1.41 (0.679)

39.090

<0.0005

0.31

 Physical

0.74 (0.105)

0.54 (0.087)

0.5 (0.103)

0.89 (0.114)

1.09 (0.098)

1.44 (0.121)

17.706

<0.0005

0.33

 Psychosocial

0.41 (0.095)

0.30 (0.071)

0.27 (0.079)

0.96 (0.123)

0.87 (0.112)

1.03 (0.127)

21.513

<0.0005

0.30

 Worries and concern

0.71 (0.091)

0.59 (0.088)

0.56 (0.089)

1.26 (0.107)

1.34 (0.111)

1.56 (0.120)

33.319

<0.0005

0.29

 Satisfaction

2.05 (0.135)

1.79 (0.173)

1.76 (0.139)

2.37 (0.139)

2.63 (0.140)

2.78 (0.128)

17.694

<0.0005

0.32

  1. CAS constipation assessment scale, PAC-QoL patient assessment constipation quality of life questionnaire, SD standard deviation, GEE test generalized equation estimation test