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2001
|
Yoshimoto [86]
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To investigate the effect of EA on changes in alcohol-drinking behavior in rats challenged with restriction and immobilization stress
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8–12 Male Sprague–Dawley rats
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1 Hz and 100 Hz EA at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) for 10 min, twice a week for 1–3 weeks
|
Time-access alcohol-drinking behavior, brain dopamine (DA) level
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Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) was more effective for reducing the increased alcohol-drinking behavior
|
|
2002
|
Bullock [16]
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To report the clinical data on the efficacy of acupuncture for alcohol dependence
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503 Alcoholics
|
AA at Shenmen (HT7), lung, sympathetic, and liver for 40 min, 6 days a week for 3 weeks
|
Alcohol use, depression, anxiety, functional status, and preference for therapy
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acupuncture was not found to be effective in reduction of alcohol use alone
|
|
2002
|
Karst [39]
|
To investigate the acupuncture effects on alcohol withdrawal therapy with carbamazepine
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34 Alcoholics
|
AA at Sympathetic, Shenmen (HT7), kidney, liver, lung,
Baihui (GV20), extra1, and He Gu (Li4), daily for 10 days
|
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA-Ar-scale)
|
Acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment to carbamazepine medication shows promise for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms
|
|
2003
|
Trumpler [74]
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To compare auricular laser and needle acupuncture with sham laser stimulation in reducing the duration of alcohol withdrawal
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48 alcoholics undergoing alcohol withdrawal with clomethiazole n = 17 laser, n = 15 needle
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AA (2-10 out of 24 points) for 30-45 min, laser AA at 24 pints (1 min for each point), 3-4 days
|
The duration of withdrawal symptoms (nurse-rated scale), duration of sedative prescription
|
Acupuncture showed no relevant benefit for alcohol withdrawal
|
|
2004
|
Zalewska-Kaszubska [87]
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To intensify AA method by additional biostimulation of the whole organism
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53 Alcoholics under daily helium–neon laser for neck biostimulation
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Laser AA at concha points for 4 periods of ten times applied every 2nd day
|
The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), beta-endorphin plasma concentration by using the radioimmunoassay (RIA)
|
laser therapy was useful as an adjunct treatment for alcoholism
|
|
2005
|
Kim [40]
|
To investigate the effects of acupuncture on alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of rats
|
24 Male Sprague–Dawley rats
|
Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) for 3 days
|
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NAC)
|
acupuncture was useful in the treatment of alcoholism by modulating post-synaptic neural activation in the striatum and NAC
|
|
2006
|
Yoshimoto [85]
|
To investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms of oriental acupuncture
|
24 Male Sprague–Dawley rats, n = 16 acupuncture
|
unilateral or bilateral acupuncture at Shenshu (BU23) acupoint, 60 min
|
Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents of the microdialysates in the ACC
|
Acupuncture was effective for treatment of emotional disorders and laconism by increasing and prolonging the activity of serotonergic neurons
|
|
2006
|
Zhao [89]
|
To investigate the effects of acupuncture on chronic ethanol-induced changes in extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell
|
35 Male Sprague–Dawley rats, n = 21 sham or real acupuncture
|
Bilateral acupuncture at Shenmen (HT7) point or Neiguan (PC6) or tail) for 1 min
|
Extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (using in vivo microdialysis in unanesthetized rats)
|
Acupuncture at HT7 was effective to normalize the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic system following chronic ethanol treatment
|
|
2007
|
Kunz [43]
|
To compare auricular needle acupuncture with aromatherapy in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal with carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and benzodiazepines
|
74 alcoholics, n = 36 acupuncture, n = 38 aromatherapy
|
AA at 5 NADA points, 45 min for 5 days
|
Alcohol-withdrawal syndrome (AWS scale), subjective visual analog scale of craving and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM)
|
acupuncture was not more effective than the control therapy on alcohol withdrawal symptoms
|
|
2008
|
Overstreet [64]
|
To investigate the EA effects for reducing voluntary alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats
|
18 inbred alcohol-preferring P rats (IP), n = 9 EA
|
2 and 100 Hz EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) for 30 min
|
Alcohol intake
|
Acupuncture affected on alcohol intake in the alcohol-dependent IP rats
|
|
2009
|
Dos Santos [28]
|
To investigate the effects of EA over locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol in mice
|
12 Male Swiss mice
|
2 Hz EA at Zusanli (ST36) and/or Neiguan (PC6) for 10 min
|
The locomotor activity, the expression of homer1A mRNA assessed by PCR
|
EA modulated homer1A expression and glutamatergic plasticity
|
|
2010
|
Yang [82]
|
To evaluate the effects of HT7 acupuncture on VTA GABA neuron excitability, ethanol inhibition of VTA GABA neuron firing rate, and ethanol self-administration
|
32 Male Wistar rats
|
2 Hz EA at Shenmen (HT7) or Neiguan (PC6) for 1 min
|
Ethanol-Reinforced Responding, VTA GABA Neuron Activity, VTA GABA Neuron Firing Rate
|
acupuncture reduced ethanol suppression of VTA GABA neuron firing rate, and reduced ethanol self-administration without affecting sucrose consumption
|
|
2011
|
Li [50]
|
To demonstrate that SD rats escalated their ethanol intake and subsequently developed ethanol dependence under the IE procedure
|
26 Male Sprague–Dawley rats
|
2 and 100 HZ EA at Zusanli (ST36) for 20 min
|
Intake of and preference for ethanol
|
EA treatments decreased the intake of and preference for ethanol, without resulting in a rebound increase in ethanol intake when the EA treatments were terminated
|
|
2012
|
Li [49]
|
To test the hypothesis that EA suppression on alcohol consumption may be mediated by transcription factors, such as FosB/ΔFosB protein in reward-related brain regions
|
33 Male Sprague–Dawley rats
|
2 and 100 HZ EA at Zusanli (ST36), 30 min for 6 days
|
The expression of FosB/ΔFosB in several reward-related brain regions using immunohistochemistry
|
EA treatment effectively reduced ethanol consumption and preference in rats by down-regulation of FosB/ΔFosB in reward-related brain regions
|
|
2012
|
Escosteguy-Neto [29]
|
To investigate EA effects during ethanol withdrawal on CB1R immunoreactivity
|
12 Male Swiss mice
|
2 and 100 Hz EA at Zusanli (ST36)/Neiguan (PC6) or Dazhui (DU14)/Baihui (DU20), 10 min for 4 days
|
CB1R in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and ventral tegmental area
|
EA inhibited CB1R upregulation which depended on acupoints association and frequency of stimulation
|
|
2012
|
Fallopa [30]
|
To investigate whether EA reverses locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol is parallel to ERK signaling
|
12 Male Swiss mice
|
2 and 100 Hz EA at Zusanli (ST36)/Neiguan (PC6) or Dazhui (DU14)/Baihui (DU20), 10 min for 4 days
|
pERK immune-histochemistry
|
EA increased CB1R in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and ventral tegmental area
|
