Table 3 The applications of metabolomics in cardiotoxicity evaluation of TCM
From: Application of metabolomics in toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines
TCM | Toxicity | Animals | Samples | Metabolomic technology | Data analysis | Metabolic pathways | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Periplocin | Cardiotoxicity | Neonatal rats | Cardiomyocytes | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA, Support Vector Machine | Amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism | [73] |
Aconitum alkaloids | Cardiotoxicity | Rats | Plasma | 1H NMR, GC–MS | PCA | Energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism | [74] |
Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix | Cardiotoxicity | Rats | Urine | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA | Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, tryptophan metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism | [77] |
Aconiti Radix | Cardiotoxicity | Rats | Urine | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA | pentose and glucuronate interconversions, amino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism | |
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata | Cardiotoxicity | Rats | Plasma | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA | Sphingolipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism | [80] |
Mices | Heart | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA | Phospholipid metabolism, Sphingolipid metabolism, saturated fatty acid oxidation, unsaturated fatty acid peroxidation | [81] | ||
Pinelliae Rhizoma | Cardiotoxicity | Rats | Serum | LC–MS | PCA, PLS-DA | Phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carnitine metabolism | [83] |