Fig. 2

Structures of cellulose (a), phenolic compounds in fiber (b) and gum (c) from carob. I = cinnamic acid, II = p-coumaric acid, III = ferulic acid, IV = syringic acid, V = gallic acid, VI = methyl gallate. Flavones: VII = apigenin, VIII = chrysoeriol (luteolin 3′-methyl ether), IX = tricetin 3′,5′-dimethyl ether, X = luteolin. Flavonols: XI = quercetin, XII = isorhamnetin (quercetin 3′-methyl ether), XIII = myricetin, XIV = kaempferol. Flavonol glycosides: XV = kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, XVI = quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, XVII = quercetin arabinoside, XVIII = myricetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, XIX = myricetin glucoside (configurations for arabinoside XVII and glucoside XIX not yet confirmed); flavanone: XX = naringenin; isoflavone: XXI = genistein. Gallotannins: XXII = 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, XXIII = 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, XXIV = 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose