Table 3 Risk of bias summary for studies included in this systematic review
First author | Sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) | Completeness of outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Academic bias | Sponsor bias | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akilen et al. [37] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
Sharma et al. [38] | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Unclear | High |
Mirfeizi et al. [39] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Jain et al. [40] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Na et al. [18] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
Panahi et al. [41] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | High |
Mozaffari-Khosravi et al. [19] | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
Attari et al. [42] | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
El-Sharkawy et al. [43] | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Samadi et al. [44] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Gargari et al. [45] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High |
Ebrahimpour-koujan et al. [46] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High | High |
Zarrintan et al. [47] | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
Widjajakusuma et al. [48] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Soltani et al. [49] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High | High | High |
Ye et al. [50] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
Javidi et al. [51] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
Atkin et al. [52] | Unclear | Unclear | High | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | High |
Alizadeh et al. [53] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Aziz et al. [54] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | High | High |
Trimarco et al. [55] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
Heshmati et al. [56] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | low | Low | High | High |
Abutair et al. [57] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear |
Oh et al. [58] | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | High | High |