Fig. 5

Serum and urine metabolomic profiles for responders and non-responders to Biqi and LEF treatment. a PCA plots for paired serum and urine samples at baseline and 24 weeks for patients receiving Biqi or LEF treatment respectively. Samples were colored by timepoints. The paired baseline and 24 weeks samples from the same patient were linked by solid lines colored by responders or non-responders. The dotted and solid ellipses represent 95% confidence interval for samples at baseline and 24 weeks, respectively. b Volcano plots showing differential abundant serum and urine metabolites comparing responders versus non-responders at 24 weeks in Biqi and LEF groups using ANCOVA. c Venn diagrams comparing serum and urine metabolites up and down-regulated in responders versus non-responders at 24 weeks for Biqi and LEF groups. d Top urine carboxylic acids and acylcarnitines that were uniquely up and downregulated in Biqi responders versus non-responders at 24 weeks