Fig. 3

Effect of WJT extract on apoptosis of RA-FLSs. RA-FLSs were treated with 0–4 mg/mL WJT extract WJT extract for 24 h and 48 h. Representative images were illustrated by the optical microscope (a, ×200 magnification) and scanning electron microscope (b, ×3000 magnification). ELISA was performed to measure the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities (c). Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, PARP and cleaved-PARP (d, e). Values were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control