Fig. 1

GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability injured by H/R. a Flow diagram of the in vitro experiments. b Construction of hepatocellular H/R injury model. AML-12 cells or c primary hepatocytes were cultured in the hypoxia chamber for 12 or 6 h and reoxygenated for various time periods. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. d AML-12 cells treated with or without GBDP (60 or 120 µg/mL) were cultured in the hypoxia chamber for 12 h and reoxygenated for 24 h. Cell viability was determined (n = 3 per group). e Primary hepatocytes were exposed to 6 h hypoxia and 3 h reoxygenation after pretreatment of GBDP, and cell viability was detected (n = 3 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs Control group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001 vs H/R group