Targeting NF-κB pathway for treating ulcerative colitis: comprehensive regulatory characteristics of Chinese medicines

Lu, Peng-De; Zhao, Yong-Hua

doi:10.1186/s13020-020-0296-z

Table 1 Direct inhibited efficacy of Chinese medicines on NF-κB pathway

From: Targeting NF-κB pathway for treating ulcerative colitis: comprehensive regulatory characteristics of Chinese medicines

Classifications	Chinese medicines	Models	Mechanisms	References
Heat-clearing and dampness-drying medicine	Casticin	RAW264.7	Repress the NF-κBp65 nucleus translocation	[44]
	Baicalin	DSS-induced colon tissue	Reduce the protein levels of NF-κBp65 and p-NF-κBp65	[45]
	Baicalin	UC patients	Decrease ratios of p-NF-κB/NF-κB	[46]
	Wogonin	Caco-2 cells	Decrease NF-κB activity	[47]
	Wogonoside	DSS-induced colon tissues	Inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, phosphorylated p65 and NF-κB DNA binding activity	[48]
		AOM/DSS-induced tumor tissues	Inhibit the protein expression of p-p65	[49]
		THP-1 cells	Suppress NF-κB nuclear translocation	[49]
	Berberine	Colonic macrophages and epithelial cells	Inhibit activation of NF-κB	[50]
	(±)-8-ADC	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce phosphor-NF-κBp65 expression; Decrease the NF-κB mRNA expression	[53]
	(±)-8-ADC	IEC6 Cells	Reduce phosphor-NF-κBp65 expression	[53]
	Berberine hydrochloride	DSS-induced colonic tissues	Suppress the expressions of phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[54, 55]
	Apocynin	DSS-induced tissues	Reduce the activation of NF-κBp65	[56]
	Matrine	TNBS-induced colonic mucosa	Reduce the overexpression of NF-κBp65	[58]
	Oxymatrine	TNBS-induced colon mucosa	Down-regulate the expression of NF-κBp65	[59]
	Ampelopsis grossedentata	DSS-induced colon tissues	Suppress the NF-κB activation	[60]
	SM934	DSS-induced colon tissue	Decrease phosphorylation of NF-κB	[61]
	SM934	Macrophages	Suppress phosphorylation of NF-κBp65; Inhibit NF-κB nuclear translocation	[61]
	Artesunate	RAW264.7 cells	Reduce the expression levels of p‑NF‑κB	[62]
	Tetrandrine	DSS-induced colon tissue	Inhibit the binding activity of NF-κB to DNA	[63]
	Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.	DSS-induced colon tissue	Suppress the NF-κB	[64]
Interior-warming and drying dampness medicine	Aesculin	RAW264.7 cells	Inhibit p-NF‑κBp65 levels in nucleus	[65]
	Total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa	DSS-induced colon tissue	Down-regulate the protein expressions of nucleus NF-κBp65, up-regulate the protein expressions of cytosol NF-κBp65	[66]
	Cardamonin	RAW264.7 cells	Prevent the nuclear accumulation of NF‑κBp65; Block the translocation of NF‑κBp65	[67]
	Cardamonin	AA-induced colon tissue	Reduce the levels of NF-κB	[69]
	3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Decrease NF-κBp65 subunit level	[70]
	Wu Zhu Yu	DSS-induced colon tissues	Down-regulate the increased phosphorylation levels of NF-κBp65	[71]
	Clove	TNBS-induced colon tissue	Down-regulate the expressions of NF-κBp65	[72]
		DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce the expressions of p65-NF-κB	[73]
		RAW264.7 macrophages	Decrease the expressions of p65-NF-κB	[73]
	Zanthoxylum bungeanum	DSS-induced colon tissue	Inhibit NF-κBp65 phosphorylation levels	[74]
	Galangin	DSS-induced colon tissue	Suppress protein expressions of p-NF-κB; Decrease the accumulation of nuclear NF-κBp65	[75]
Detoxificating and purgative medicine	Parthenolide	DSS-induced colon tissue	Inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[76]
	Parthenolide	HCT116 cells	Block the activation of p65	[77]
	Arctigenin	DSS-induced colonic tissues	Suppress phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and p65 translocation	[78]
	Andrographolide derivative AL-1	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Aattenuate the expression levels of p-p65	[79]
	Andrographolide derivative CX-10	DSS-induced colonic tissue	Reduce the expressions of NF-κB p65	[80]
	Brusatol	DSS-induced colon tissue	Attenuate the expression of NF-κBp65	[81]
	Brucea javanica oil	DSS-induced colon tissues	Suppress the NF-κB activation; Inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[82]
	Total flavonoids of Hedyotis diffusa Willd	RAW 264.7 cells	Reduce the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[83]
	Oldenlandia diffusa	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce the activation of NF-κBp65	[84]
	Qing Dai	RAW264.7 cells	Abolish NF‑κBp65 translocation to the nucleus	[86]
	Indirubin	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reverse DSS-mediated up-regulation of p-NF-κBp65	[87]
	Dandelion	DSS-induced NCM460 cell	Decrease the phosphorylation of NF‑κBp65	[88]
	Portulaca oleracea L.	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce the protein expressions of NF-κBp65	[89]
	Rhubarb-type anthraquinones	RAW264.7 macrophages	Rhein reduce phosphor-NF-κBp65 levels	[91]
		HT-29 cells	Emodin block NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation	[92]
		DSS-induced colitis tissues	Chrysophanol reduce the activation of NF-κBp65	[93]
	Gallic acid	DSS-induced colon tissue	Inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65	[94]
	Gallic acid	RAW264.7 macrophage	Decrease the expression of NF-κBp65	[94]
	Allicin	DSS-induced colonic mucosa	Prevent the inhibition of inducing nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65	[95]
	Cassia obtusifolia	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce the level of NF-κBp65	[96]
	Bergenin	RAW264.7 cells	Suppress the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of NF-κBp65; Inhibit the acetylation of NF-κBp65, increase the association of NF-κBp65 and IκBα, and hinder the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65	[97]
	Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn	Raw264.7 cells	Inhibit NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation	[98]
	Chlorogenic acid	DSS-induced colon mucosa	Reduce the phosphorylation level of NF-κBp65 protein	[99]
Blood-activating medicine	Paeonol	CW-2 cells	Reduce NF-κB transactivation	[99]
	Liriodendrin	DSS-induced colon tissues	Suppress the activation of NF-κB pathways; Reduce in phosphorylation of NF-κB	[101]
	Liriodendrin	RAW264.7 macrophages	Reduce the phosphorylation of NF-κB	[101]
	Shikonin	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce the expression of NF-κBp65	[102]
	Tetramethylpyrazine	OXZ-induced colitis mucosa	Reduce the rise in NF-κBp65	[103]
	Crocetin	TNBS-induced colonic mucosa	Down-regulate the NF-κB	[104]
	Epicatechin	RAW264.7 cells	Inhibit the activation of NF-κB	[105]
	Curcumin	Colonic mucosa	Modulate NF-κB activation	[110]
Qi-regulating medicine	Norisoboldine	DSS-induced colon tissues	Inhibit phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of NF-κBp65	[113]
	Citrus aurantium L.	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Inhibit the NF-κB pathway	[114]
	Citrus aurantium L.	RAW264.7 cells	Inhibit the protein expressions of NF-κB	[114]
Tonifying medicine	Eclipta Prostrata	HT-29 cells	Reduce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB	[115]
	Astragalus polysaccharide	DSS-induced colonic tissues	Reduce NF-κB DNA phosphorylation activity	[116]
	Astragaloside IV	CCD‑18Co cells	Inhibit the phosphorylation of NF‑κBp65	[117]
	Licochalcone A	DSS-induced colonic tissues	Reverse the increased expression of p65 NF-κB	[118]
	Diammonium glycyrrhizinate	AA-induced colonic tissues	Suppress the positive percentage and density of NF-κBp65	[119]
	Vanillic acid	DSS-induced colon tissues	Suppress the activation of transcription NF-κBp65	[120]
	Paeoniflorin	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Inhibit the expressions of p-NF-κB	[121]
	The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.	AOM/DSS-induced colon tissue	Attenuate the expression of proteins in the NF-κB	[122]
	Oligonol	DSS-induced colon tissue	Decrease nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65	[123]
	Lentinus edodes β-glucans	RAW264.7 cells	Inhibit NF-κB activation	[124]
	Mango extract	CCD-18Co cells	Reduce expression of NF-κB and pNF-κB protein	[125]
Astringent medicine	Muscovite	Iodoacetamide-induced colitis tissues	Decrease the activity of NF-κBp65 and reduce the p65 transferred into the nucleus	[126]
	Shan Zhu Yu	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)	Attenuate NF-κB expression	[127]
	Shan Zhu Yu	Macrophages	Inhibit NF-κB activation	[129]
	Rubus coreanus	RAW264.7 macrophages	Attenuate the nuclear translocations of NF-κBp65	[130]
	Rubus coreanus	RAW 264.7 cells	Reduce NF-κB activity	[131]
	Osthole	DSS-induced colonic tissue	Reduce the expression of NF-κBp65	[132]
Tonifying Qi and activating blood category	Tou Nong San	TNBS-induced colon tissue	Reduce the activation of the NF-κBp65	[134]
Heat-clearing and drying dampness category	Shaoyao Decoction	AOM/DSS-induced colonic tissues	Suppress NF-κB activation	[135]
	Qingchang Huashi recipe	HT-29 cells	Reduce the activation of NF-κB	[137]
	Gegenqinlian Decoction	TNBS-induced colon tissue	Inhibit the activation and translocation of NF-κBp65	[138]
		DSS-induced colonic tissues	Decrease the P-NF-κBp65	[139]
		RAW 264.7 cells	Down-regulate the expression of P-NF-κBp65	[139]
	Jianpi Qingchang decoction	DSS‑induced colon tissue	Inhibit the activation of the NF-κB	[140]
	Modified pulsatilla decoction	OXZ-induced colon tissues	Suppress the activation of the NF-κB	[142]
	Qing Hua Chang Yin	DSS‑induced colon tissue	Inhibit the expression of the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB	[143]
	QingBai decoction	DSS‑induced colon tissue	Decrease the protein level of P-NF-κBp65	[145]
	Chang-An-Shuan	TNBS-induced colonic tissues	Down-regulate the expression levels of NF-κBp65	[146]
	Baishaoqiwu	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Inhibit expression of the NF-ĸBp65 genes	[147]
	Xie-xin decoction	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Decrease expression of NF-ĸBp65	[148]
	Compound sophorae decoction	DSS‑induced colonic tissues	Reduce the level of phospho-NF-κBp65	[149]
	Huangkui Lianchang decoction	DSS-induced Colon Tissue	Decrease the NF-B levels	[150]
	Bawei Xilei powder	UC patients	Decrease the expression of NF-κBp65	[151]
Harmonizing cold and hot category	Ban-xia-xie-xin decoction	DSS-induced colorectums	Inhibition of NF-κBp65 activation	[152]
Harmonizing cold and hot category	Wu-mei-wan	DNCB-induced colonic tissue	Inhibit the NF-κBp65 activity	[153]
Warming yang and drying dampness category	Modified ZenWu decoction	DSS-induced colonic tissues	Attenuate the activation of NF-κB and suppress the expression of NF-κBp65	[154]
	Ping weisan	DSS-induced colon tissues	Reduce phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[155]
	Ping weisan	RAW264.7cells	Reduce phosphorylation of NF-κBp65	[155]
Astringent category	Zhenrenyangzang decoction	TNBS-induced colon tissues	Reduce NF-κB mRNA expression	[156]

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