Fig. 7

Effects of SF on Th17 differentiation in vitro. a The effect of SF (0.1–1 mg/mL) on CD4⁺ cell viability. b IL-17A levels in the cell supernatant under Th17-polarizing conditions (n = 3). c Proportion of Th17 cells in each group from three independent experiments (n = 3). d Representative images of CD4⁺IL-17A⁺ cells under Th17-polarizing conditions. e The mRNA expression levels of the Th17 cell-associated genes IL-17A, RORγt and IRF4 (n = 3). f The levels of STAT3 and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) in each group under Th17-polarizing conditions (n = 3). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s test were performed between multiple groups. ^#p < 0.05, ^####p < 0.0001, compared with unpolarized group; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, compared with polarized group without treatment