Table 2 Herbal bioactive compounds exert an effect ongut mircrobiota
Chinese herbal formulas | Model | Regulatory effects on the microbiota | Key mechanisms | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Resveratrol | Mice | Ecoli and Streptococcus↓, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium↑ | Improving the gut microbiota dysbiosis and lowering both body and visceral adipose weights | [49] |
Puerariae radix | Mice | PRE mediated preservation of gut barrier integrity is involved in restoring ZO-1 | Decreasing intestinal permeability | [61] |
Ferulic acid | Mice | The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the proportions of Firmicutes↓, the proportions of Bacteroidetes↑ | Altering the composition of gut microbiota | [72] |
Pu-er tea extract | Mice | Bacillus, Streptococcus and Lactococcus genera ↓ | Reducing inflammation, significant reducting in fatty infiltration | [66] |
Curcumin | Rats | Clostridium, Bacteroides, Citrobacter, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Parabacteroides, and Pseudomonas↑, Blautia and Ruminococcus↓ | Ameliorating hepatic steatosis by downregulating expression of MLCK in the intestinal mucosa of rats with NAFLD, improving TJ structure of the intestinal mucosa | |
Diosgenin | Rats | Lactobacillus murinus and Lactobacillus reuteri↑ | Preventing the developmentof NAFLD through the AMPK and LXR signaling pathways | [85] |
Berberine | Humans | Lactobacteriaceae↑, Enterobacteriaceae↓ | Improving hepatic lipid metabolism | [99] |
Gynostemma pentaphyllac | Mice | Eubacterium, Blautia, Clostridium and Lactobacillus↓ | Modulating he gut microbiota and suppressing hepatic miR-34a | [107] |
Radix Polygoni Multiflori | Rats | The content of short-chain FA produced by gut microbial fermentationc | Reliving high contents of TG, TC in liver tissue and LPS level in portal venous | [111] |
Quercetin | Mice | Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio↑ | Alleviation of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, related “Gut-Liver Axis” activation | [40] |
MP-A | Rats | Remodellig gut microbiota structure | Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway activation, suppress PPAR γ and SREBP-1c expression | [95] |
Green Tea Extract | Mice | Induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiota | mRNA expression levels of lipogenic and inflammatory genes were downregulated | [124] |
Silymarin | Blautia, Akkermansia, Bacteroides↑ | Attenuating hepatic steatosis | [83] | |
Rhizoma Coptidis | Mice | Sporobacter termitidis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Akkermansia muciniphila↑, Escherichia coli, Desulfovibrio C21_c20, Parabacteroides distasonis↓ | Regulating lipid homeosta-sis by modulation gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism | [86] |