Fig. 1

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the viability of SW1736 and KAT4B anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. EVO reduced the viability with morphological changes and DNA ladders in SW1736 (A) and KAT4B (B) cells via MTT assay, Giemsa staining, and agarose electrophoresis, respectively. Both cell lines were treated with EVO (8 µM) for 24 h, and cellular morphology, viability, and DNA ladder was analyzed as described in Methods. Scale bar (), 100 μm. C EVO differentially induced hypodiploid cells in SW1736 and KAT4B cells. Both cell lines were treated with and without EVO (8 µM) for different times, and the ratio of hypodiploid cells was examined by a flow cytometric analysis using PI staining. (Upper panel) A representative of the flow cytometric analysis is shown. (Lower panel) Data of the hypodiploid cell ratio from three independent experiments were collected and statistically analyzed. Each data point was calculated from three triplicate groups, and data are shown as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 denote a significant difference between the indicated groups. D EVO induced apoptosis in SW1736 cells on results from an Annexin V-PI binding assay via flow cytometric analysis. SW1736 cells were treated with EVO (8 µM) for 9, 16, and 24 h. Representative flow cytometry scatter plots depict percentage of AnnexinV staining after EVO treatment. Cells in lower right quadrant IV (Annexin V+/PI−) are in the early apoptotic and in upper right quadrant II (Annexin V+/PI+) are in the late apoptotic stage. Data were shown as mean from three-independent experiments