Fig. 12
Western blotting was conducted to measure the expression of p-p65 NF-κB, p-Iκκαβ, p-IκBα, p65 NF-κB, Iκκαβ and IκBα. Drugs were administered via the oral route, and methotrexate (MTX) was used as a positive control (0.3 mg/kg, administered once daily). EF was administered at 2 g kg−1 day−1 (EF-L) and 4 g kg−1 day−1 (EF-H). Data are the mean ± SD (n = 3), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, vs. CIA rats without treatment by EF or MTX, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, vs. normal group