Table 4 Pharmacological effects of extracts derived from natural medicines for PAH
Chinese herbs | Extractive fraction | Models | Dose/concentration | Efficacy | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhodiola crenulata | Water extract | SD rats | 5 g/kg (p.o.) | Decadienyl-l-carnitine↓, CPT1A↓, PPARγ↓, LC3B↓, ATG7↓ | [114] |
Sceptridium ternatum | Ethyl acetate extract | SD rats | 5 g/kg (p.o.) | mPAP↓, RVHI↓, α-SMA↓, NF-κB↓ | [115] |
Blueberry | Blueberry extract | Wistar rats | 100 mg/kg (p.o.) | mPAP↓, SOD↑, ETA↓, NADPH↓ | [116] |
Moringa oleifera leaf | Water extract | Wistar rats | 30 mg/kg (i.v.) | mPAP↓, NO↑ | [117] |
Terminalia arjuna | Water extract | Wistar rats | 250 mg/kg (p.o.) | mPAP↓, RVHI↓, Bcl2/Bax↑, NADPH↓ | [118] |
Barberry | Water extract | Wistar rats | 200 mg/kg (p.o.) | RVSP↓, mPAP↓ | [119] |
Withania somnifera | Methanol and water extract | SD rats | 100 mg/kg (p.o.) | RVSP↓, RVHI↓, PCNA↓, ROS↓, TNF-α↓, NF-κB↓, HIF-1α↓ | [120] |
Mimosa pigra | Hydromethanolic extract | Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg (p.o.) | mPAP↓, RVHI↓, p38 MAPK↓, | [121] |