An integrated study of Violae Herba (Viola philippica) and five adulterants by morphology, chemical compositions and chloroplast genomes: insights into its certified plant origin

Table 1 The basic cp genome features of six Viola species

Characteristics	V. inconspicua	V. betonicifolia	V. japonica	V. collina	V. philippica	V. prionantha
Total size (bp)	157,391	156,395	157,419	158,067	157,414	157,215
Overall GC content (%)	36.25	36.35	36.25	36.25	36.24	36.25
LSC
Length (bp)	85,828	85,779	85,908	86,509	85,907	85,692
GC content	33.83	33.87	33.82	33.82	33.81	33.83
Length (%)	54.53	54.85	54.57	54.73	54.57	54.51
IR
Length (bp)	27,161	27,139	27,116	27,114	27,118	27,105
GC content (%)	42.12	42.14	42.14	42.16	42.14	42.15
Length (%)	17.26	17.35	17.23	17.15	17.23	17.24
SSC
Length (bp)	17,241	16,338	17,279	17,330	17,271	17,313
GC content (%)	29.79	30.16	29.83	29.91	29.76	29.76
Length (%)	10.95	10.45	10.98	10.96	10.97	11.01
Genes
Total genes	129	129	129	129	129	129
Duplicate genes	18	18	18	18	18	18
Protein coding genes	77	77	77	77	77	77
rRNA genes	4	4	4	4	4	4
tRNA genes	30	30	30	30	30	30

GC guanine and cytosine, LSC large single-copy region, SSC small single-copy region, IRs inverted repeats region

ISSN: 1749-8546