Fig. 5

α-mangostin inhibits osteoclastogenesis by specifically suppressing RANKL-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. A The protein expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP and CTSK in BMMs treated with 50 ng/mL RANKL with or without 2 µM α-mangostin for 0, 1, 3, or 5 days, N = 3. B The expression of these proteins were quantified using the ImageJ software, N = 3. C, E BMMs were pretreated with or without 2 µM α-mangostin for 4 h and then cultured with RANKL for the indicated periods. D, F The gray levels of phosphorylated p65, ERK, JNK, and p38 were quantified and normalized relative to their total protein counterparts. The gray levels of p-IκBα and IκBα were normalized to β-tubulin, N = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with RANKL alone